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For many years humans have been using cast iron to create new products. From wagon wheels to bridges, it has been used in thousands of products. But what exactly is it? Cast iron is created by melting pig iron with scrap steel and other scrap metals, after removing contaminants like sulfur. The final form is produced by casting the iron into a mold, which is where it gets its name. When people think of it they usually think of gray iron, which is the type that many products are made of. But gray iron is only one type used today. There are several different types of cast iron that are used to make a wide variety of products.
Gray cast iron
Gray iron is the most commonly used type of iron cast in the world. The inclusion of graphite is responsible for the grey color that appears in fractures in the iron. Gray iron is commonly used in engineering purposes for several reasons. First, it has a low cost. It also popular because it can be easily machined, which means it is easily cut and can obtain a good finish. Another benefit of gray iron is its corrosion resistance. Because of its many benefits, it is used in many products including cookware, disc brake rotors, etc.
White cast iron
White iron differs from gray iron in that it contains cementite as a carbon compound rather than graphite. This iron has a relatively low cost. It is also praised for its hardness and abrasion resistance. However, it is more brittle than the gray variety. Its brittle quality makes it unusable for structural purposes but its abrasion resistance makes it ideal for use in other applications such as shell liners and backhoe bucket teeth.
Ductile Iron
Ductile iron is a more recent development. Ductile iron has the strength of steel with the corrosion resistance of cast iron. Ductile iron is also low cost. It is commonly used to make iron pipe for sewage or water lines. It is also popular as a material for distribution poles.
Malleable cast iron
This type of iron begins as white iron casting that is treated with a heat treatment. This gets rid of much of the brittle quality of the white iron, making it more ductile. It is used to make electrical fittings, hand tools, farm equipment, washers, brackets, etc.
