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It is always best when you can see your target before you attack. The military in the past had issues when conducting maneuvers in the daylight because the enemy combatants knew the terrain better and could attack better in the daylight. The element of surprise is best manufactured under the shroud of darkness,
It would be difficult working in the dark with a torch in your hand, but that is what was done prior to the advancement of today's technology. The torch graduated to searchlights before making its way to night vision devices. Troops would be caught before they had a chance to retaliate. Now, with the NVD, the military has the opportunity to hide and attack in surprise, while never giving away positions until that last possible second.
With the use of the NVD, in order not to blind the troops, the technology works with a dim-light view so that minimal eye adjustment is necessary to the light or lack thereof. Within half a minute the user will be able to acquire 75% night vision with the naked eye.
The first use of night vision devices was the invention during World War II of the infrared sniper scope. The problem with the older model is that a special searchlight was needed in order to see from the scope and, well, it was huge and the enemy had no problem in locating it at all to wipe out the ally troops. The military noticed the reward, however, the technology that would allow the troops and engineers to work 24/7/365 if necessary. RCA was able to improve upon technology invented in Germany and in the 1950s the image intensifiers were born. These devices would use existing light from the moon, stars and night sky to make it brighter for troops to see. These were huge to use (over a foot long) so research continued.
A decade later, in time for use in the Vietnam War, army engineers designed the first generation night vision device that used available light for rifle scopes, allowing nighttime troops to take down enemy fighters with the pull of a trigger. These sights could be dismounted and used by hand as well. In the 1970s infrared technology advanced enough that military personnel and vehicles were equipped with devices to aid in the search of hidden opponents. Real time imaging was made possible, so locations of enemy fighters could be relayed to command for immediate response.
Steady advancement in technological resources would be made on the night vision devices. Come the early 1990s, with deployment for Desert Storm in Kuwait, the military was able to make optimum use of the NVDs. In the desert with daytime temps over 120ºF, it was near impossible to perform missions; therefore most were acted upon in the cooler nighttime temperatures. Sensor fusion was used to integrate the FLIR and I2 technologies into one device. You could view in thermal or phosphorous light.
Three generations of NVDs were ultimately invented and used. Gen 1 can be amplified 100x, was invented in the 1960s and do not work overly well in moonlight and starlight as distortion occurs, Gen 2 has 20,000x magnification, comes to us from the 60s and 70s and uses I2 technology with Gen 2+ offering the better vision in ambient lighting. Gen 3 works within the 30,000 to 50,000 amplification range and uses an organically grown photo cathode to work almost within the IR range of light, offering supreme night vision for extreme detail in ambient lighting situations. Distances are more accurate with each new generation. The military's might can be used to its best advantage with the use of night vision devices.
