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Have you ever talked to someone about sewing and came across a term that you didn't understand? Much like other crafts, sewing has its own terms and meanings for certain words. These words tell you how or what to do without having to give a long explanation. To help you out, here are five common sewing terms and their definitions that you will encounter during your sewing adventures.
Alteration: Means to make a change or modification to a pattern or item you are sewing, as well as any changes to finished items. Common alterations to finished items include shortening the length of a shirt or a pair of pants. When making changes to a pattern, it is important to think about how those changes will affect the rest of the pattern in terms of how the different pieces will be pieced together. For example, if you shorten the length of a shirt on the front piece, you will also have to shorten the length on the back piece otherwise they will not fit together.
Baste or Basting: Means to temporarily hold two pieces of fabric together by using stitches that are long and easy to remove. One reason you would use basting is to allow you to see what the changes or alterations you are going to make will look like when they are done. That way, if you don't like the look, you can still easily change it. Another reason for basting is to help hold the fabric in place while you are sewing, for example, if the fabric was slippery.
Hem or Hemming: Is done on a finished item or garment by turning the edge under and sewing it to the inside of the item. Hemming is done to shorten the length of a garment, such as a skirt or dress. Since hems do not remove any of the excess material, hems can affect the way an item will look because they add weight to the garment. This extra weight can be a desirable thing because it will influence the way the garment hangs. The amount of extra weight from a hem depends on how much fabric is turned under and the weight of the fabric.
Knit Fabrics: There are two different types of fabrics: knit and woven. Woven fabrics are made from threads that cross each other at 90-degree angles, while knit fabrics use loops of threads to hold the fabric together. Knit fabrics have much more stretch to them then woven fabrics. The stretch in knit fabrics varies by type of fabric, so pay attention to the pattern when it tells you how much stretch the fabric will need. If you choose a fabric that doesn't have enough stretch, then the finished piece will not fit the way it should. When sewing with knit fabrics, allow your sewing machine to feed the fabric. Make sure to always do a test piece first - you may need to adjust the amount of pressure that is coming from the presser foot in order to prevent stretching the fabric as you sew.
Seam Allowance: Is the length between the cut edge of the fabric and the stitching. The length of the seam allowance can vary from pattern to pattern, so always double check and follow the instructions. A seam allowance is created when two or more pieces of fabric are joined together. To create an even seam, always line up the cut edges of the fabric layers being sewn together. Finally, to ensure that pattern pieces will fit together properly, always make sure that your seam allowances are accurate and are the same length.
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