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Most people are familiar with a horrible story about a spa accident that has gone completely wrong resulting in a severe injury or even a death. However, usually a lack of understanding about the cause for such accidents makes the reporting a bit vague and means the reason for these accidents is not properly explained.
Though I agree that there is some danger in spas, such danger is very easy to fix and correctly designed spas are not in any way a problem. Most problems occur in spas that are built into the ground as a part of a pool. The major problem with inbuilt spas is that buried plumbing poses a major maintenance issue for possible leaks or cracked piping that may occur in the normal service life of a spa. That is why today most home spas are portable spas. In fact over 90% of home spas sold are portable spas.
The cause of most accidents is an unprotected suction inlet to a high pressure pump. The force of the suction can easily trap a small child causing drowning in some cases. However, this issue should never occur if the proper design considerations are taken into account.
Design Considerations
Well designed spas have several lines of defense against a dangerous suction situation occurring. Firstly, all suctions need an approved suction cover installed and not easily removable, such as the one below.
Because of the large size and small holes it is impossible for anyone to be trapped by the force of the flow. However, the secondary safety feature is that they should always be installed in pairs so that any restriction in one means the other takes over and the maximum suction on any one will always be at a safe level. Inexperienced or unqualified pool builders sometimes miss this point.
Further, the filter inlets are usually on the circulation pumps and they are of such a small size in good spas that they pose no threat at all. Suction levels on these inlets are so small they have almost no suction. Even so, there are design rules that stipulate a pressure bypass as a part of their construction. So have no fear modern portable spas are safe - but you should be careful in spas at resorts in far away places. Safety inspections and concerns are not uniform across the world.
When buying as spa it is advisable to deal with a reputable company and you can ask to ensure that a local Safety Certification is in place for the spa you are buying.
