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An outdoor security camera, like all cameras, uses an image sensor made up of many pixels which registers the amount of light and converts it to the corresponding number of electrons. The brighter the light, the more electrons are generated. There are two main technologies used for the camera's image sensor.
The CCD, or charge-coupled device, and the CMOS, or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor are often viewed as rival technologies. However, each actually has its own strengths and weaknesses so that one is more appropriate than the other depending on the application.
CCD sensors were developed specifically for the camera industry while CMOS traces it's beginnings to standard technology already in use in areas such as memory chips inside PCs. Today, modern CMOS sensors are advancing in technology and the quality is improving immensely.
A CCD sensor offer slightly better light sensitivity and produces a little less noise than CMOS sensors. Better light sensitivity means better image quality in low light conditions.
The downside is that CCD sensors are more expensive and harder to build into a camera. Also, a CCD sensor uses much more power, {almost|in some cases} 100 times more, than the equivalent CMOS sensor.
Recent advancement in technology is quickly making the CMOS sensor a close rival to the CCD sensor in terms of image quality. CMOS based cameras are lower cost because the CMOS sensors make it easier to build the cameras around them.
Relative to the CCDs, CMOS sensors are more flexible to integration possibilities and functions and have a faster readout. They also require less energy and require a smaller system size. Megapixel CMOS sensors are much more common commercially than megapixel CCD sensors and much less expensive.
When it comes to megapixel sensors in cameras, the sensors themselves are about the same size or only slightly larger than traditional VGA sensors. This means that the size of each pixel is smaller. So while the megapixel camera can provide higher resolution and greater detail, it is less light sensitive since the pixel size is smaller and light reflected from an object is spread to more pixels.
