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Feline Leukemia Virus (or FeLV) is, counterintuitively, a type of retrovirus that affects cats. Despite its name, it is not a form of cancer, but is rather a retrovirus, a type of virus that affects RNA rather than DNA. The disease gets its name from a misunderstanding that went along with the discovery of the illness. Regardless of its actual status, FeLV is a dangerous condition that can be fatal if not properly treated.
One of the most dangerous aspects of FeLV is that it is very easily spread between cats, often by either saliva or a nasal secretion. That means a cat can develop FeLV through contact such as a bite from another cat, through a food or water dish, from a litter box, or even while nursing. Mother cats have been known to infect their children, both within the womb and then later during nursing. If your cat is suffering from FeLV, it is important to seek immediate veterinary treatment.Â
Like many other diseases, FeLV has several phases which define how far it has spread. The phases are:
Phase One. In the first phase of the disease, the retrovirus enters the cat's body and begins to infect the white blood cells, which filter into the lymph node and begin to replicate.
Phase Two. This phase involves the spread of the disease throughout the body. Because the white blood cells become infected, it's easy for the disease to spread via the blood vessels throughout the body.
Phase Three. The lymphoid system becomes infected, allowing the retrovirus to further spread throughout the body. The lymphoid system helps produce antibodies which fight cancer, and its infection can allow the disease to spread even more quickly.
Phase Four. This is the stage in which the infection becomes truly widespread throughout the body. The intestinal tract becomes infected, and viremia, the point at which the virus truly enters the bloodstream, occurs. Some cats have immune systems strong enough to defeat the virus, although many do not. If the cat is unable to overcome the disease, it enters the next phase.
Phase Five. In this phase, the virus enters the cat's bone marrow. If this happens, the cat will continue to carry the virus for the rest of its life.
Phase Six. In the final stage, the cat's body is completely overwhelmed by the virus, and death is likely.
The disease may claim the cat within a few months, or the cat may live without symptoms for up to several years. Because of the ease with which your cat may become infected, it is important to have it inspected regularly by a vet.
