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What is isopropanol? From the sound of the term, the first thing that may come to your mind is that it is one of those kinds of alcohol. Indeed, it is considered as a secondary alcohol and it is also known as isopropopyl alcohol and abbreviated as IPA. It is basically a colorless, flammable chemical compound that has a strong odor. But more than this definition, it plays a role in our day-to-day living and in our society for that matter.
Your rubbing alcohol, your perfume and your paint thinner, they all contain isopropanol. Moreover, the use of isopropyl alcohol can be as practical as cleaning your screen monitor, removing smudges and dirt from your mobile phone, removing unwanted ink mark from your white board, or erasing sticky labels. You can also make use of it to make those worn records look new.
One main use for IPA is as an industrial solvent. A solvent is defined as a liquid substance that functions as a dissolving agent or that has the ability to dissolve another substance. The chemical compound is a solvent for many different products. These products include topically applied preparations or cosmetic products in general, including skin lotions, hair dye rinses, permanent wave lotions, hair tonics, skin cleaners, deodorants, nail polishes, shampoos, and perfumes.
It is also a solvent for industrial products just like polymers (e.g. phenolic varnishes, nitrocellulose lacquers). It is also acts as a process solvent, for the extraction and purification of natural products, examples of which include vegetable and animal oils and fats, waxes, resins, flavorings, colors, vitamins, alginates, and kelp. Another function of IPA is as an aerosol solvent for veterinary and medical products in general, such as foot fungicides, first aid and medical vapor sprays, antiseptics, dehorning sprays, and house and garden insecticides.
In biology, the chemical product can be a cost-effective replacement for the more expensive ethanol as well as a relatively non-toxic replacement for formaldehyde and other synthetic preservatives. When it is used for specimens in solution, concentrations of 90-99% are optimal, but concentrations as low as 70% can be used in emergencies. Another importance of IPA is that it is an additive in gasoline, thus preventing fuel lines from freezing in the winter.
As IPA is a chemical product, it cannot be helped for people to ask what its environmental implications are. One advantage about this chemical substance is that it rapidly biodegrades in water and undergoes photo-oxidation quickly in the atmosphere. Thus, public and wildlife exposure to it is limited. It is not anticipated to persist into soil because of its rapid evaporation and its potential to bio-accumulate in marine organisms is low.
With regards to health issues, isopropyl alcohol poses a low health risk. Overexposure to it may cause irritation to the eyes, nose, and throat, and may cause central system depression. But, these are generally mild and end shortly when exposure is terminated. On the other hand, there is this so-called isopropanol overdose which takes place when a large amount of the substance is accidentally or intentionally swallowed. The symptoms of the overdose include abdominal pain, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, throat pain, rapid heart rate, and unconsciousness. Thus, it is very important to place products that contain IPA in their secure and proper places.
Speaking of safety, isopropyl alcohol is highly flammable. Thus, it must be kept away from heat and open flame. It should be stored in well-ventilated areas, and it must be used only in places where ignition sources, such as matches, have been removed. Its containers may explode when heated; hence, they must be properly disposed.
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